Analysing Heat Transfer And Insulation Engineering Essay

Analysing Heat Transfer And Insulation Engineering Essay When two bodies at different temperatures are placed near each other or they are kept in contact, heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to the body at lower temperature. The transfer of heat from one body to the other, or from one part of a body to the other part, can take place by three different processes-conduction, convection and radiation. The total transfer of heat form one body to other can be by one or more than one of the above three modes. Thermal or heat transfer thus takes place through: conduction-a process of transfer of energy due to the differences in the temperature, convection-is the up and down movement of gas and liquids, and radiation-a process by which energy directly passes from one body to another. Heat is transferred by the process of conduction when particles of the medium at different temperatures are in direct or indirect physical contact. Thus conduction is a process of transfer of heat from the hot end to the cold end, form particle to particle of the medium. The rate that an object transfers heat through conduction is called thermal conductivity. An object with low conductivity will transfer heat slower than an object with high conductivity. This is why some substances are used as insulators while others are used in applications such as cooking. In general, solids are better conductors of heat than are liquids and gases. Metals are the best thermal conductors while non-metal solids tend to be poor conductors. In building mechanism (structure of machine), thermal conduction plays a vital role. Thermal insulation  in buildings is an important factor to achieving  thermal comfort  for its occupants. Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss or gain and can decrease the energy demands of  heating and cooling systems. Insulation can just refer to the  insulation materials  employed to slow heat loss, such as:  cellulose,  glass wool,  rock wool,  polystyrene,  urethane foam,  vermiculite (type of chemical insulation), and earth or soil. But it can also involve a range of designs and techniques to address the main modes of heat transfer conduction, radiation and convection materials. There are various ways through which heat escapes our homes. As our houses are built on cold soil or rocks, heat directly flows down into the Earth by conduction. Heat travels by conduction through the solid walls and roof of our houses. On the outside, the outer walls and the roof tiles are hotter than the atmosphere around them, so the cold air near to them heats up and flows away by convection. Heaters use fuels and air conditioners uses lots of electricity, which is why insulation is used. Insulation makes the house comfortable and keeps the temperature of house cool in summers and warm in winters. It is very useful to keep the temperature of the house independent from outside temperature. How much insulation a house should have depends on building design, climate, energy costs, budget, and personal preference. In cold regions, most houses use insulation. Most of the homes are fitted with cavity wall with two layers of brick or block between the inner rooms and the outer atmosphere and an air gap between the walls. The air gap reduces heat losses from the walls by both conduction and  convection: conduction, because theres relatively little air between the walls and its sealed in, so convection currents cant really circulate. The best way to insulate is to fill the air gap with expanding foam or other insulators. Cavity walls are often filled with loosely packed, air-filled materials such as vermiculite, shredded  recycled  paper, or  glass  fibers, it traps the heat and prevents it from escaping. Since warm air rises, plenty of heat escapes through the roof of the houses. Most people also have insulation inside the roof, also known as the loft area, of their homes. Loft insulation is generally made from the same materials as cavity-wall fillings-such things as rock wool and fiberglass. Wall and roof insulation cuts down on heat losses by conduction. Double-glazed windows have two panes of  glass  separated by a sealed air gap. The air stops heat losses by conduction, while the extra pane of glass reflects more light and heat radiation back into home and reduces heat losses. If a thin reflective metallic coating or made from special thermal glazing (such as Pilkington-K, which traps heat a bit like a greenhouse) is added to the windows, the heat loss will reduce further. Window insulation film  can be applied to reduce heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Pipe insulation  is also important in buildings for pipes that carry heated or cooled fluids.. In industry, energy has to be expended (extended) to raise, lower, or maintain the temperature of objects or process fluids. If these are not insulated, this increases the heat energy requirements of a process, and therefore the cost and environmental impact. In hot regions, the greatest source of heat is the solar radiation, which enters the buildings through windows, heat the building shell and causing the heat transfer to increase through the building envelope. Solar gain can be reduced by adequate shading from the sun,  light colored roofing, spectrally selective (heat-reflective) paints and coatings and various  types of insulation  for the rest of the envelope.   The graphs above represent a comparison study between the insulation capacity of Cellulose and Fiber glass. http://www.msgreenconstruction.com/uploads/images/cellulose-insulation-r-value.png Cellulose is basically glucose-tapped from recycled newspapers, magazines and cardboard which are treated with chemicals to produce an insulating material with varying properties. Fire resistant chemicals are added to cellulose to increase the efficacy*. Fiberglass is an artificial synthetic fiber that consists of calcium silicates, aluminum and other metals. There are various benefits consumers receive with the use of conduction and/or insulation systems in their houses. Some of the benefits include: It is energy-efficient It is cost-effective, durable Their uses doesnt cause any harm to the surrounding environment. It provides more uniform temperatures throughout the space. It has minimal recurring expense. Unlike heating and cooling equipment, insulation is permanent and does not require maintenance, upkeep, or adjustment. It absorbs noise and vibrations coming form both the outside and from other rooms inside the house, thus producing a more comfortable occupant environment Thermal insulation materials fixed on inside surface of the room walls prevent condensation on interior walls and ceiling. There are also limitations to the use of insulation systems, like the use of cellulose for insulation attracted many rodents to the house. . The main technical limitations of fiberglass matting as insulation are poor structural strength, poor compression (to shorten) resistance, permeability to moisture and a tendency to settle after installation if not properly installed. There are many areas in insulated houses which lack of sufficient insulation, like the corners of buildings, and areas where insulation has been removed or displaced to make room for system infrastructure. During rainy seasons, most of paints used to absorb or emit heat are washed away or gets dull, even metals rusts. Most of the above limitations are solved by science and technology. As the use of cellulose on wooden pipes and furniture attracts rodents, after many experiments they made cellulose which wont attract rodents. As paints gets dull or washed away with rain and metals rust, scientists have devised new un-washable paints and metals are coated with other substances that wont rust or wash away with rain water. Environment- In countries which experiences extremely harsh winters and hot summers, cane reed offers better insulation than brick. This keeps heating and cooling costs down, which translates into energy savings as well as cost savings for the family. It also contributes towards a reduction in the dependency on foreign solid fuel sources and reduces pollution. The cane reed used in the house construction is a locally produced, renewable resource. Harvested (grown) annually, reeds sustain life in ponds and lakes; their roots also stabilize the surrounding earth, preventing soil erosion. The use of the reeds also reduces dependence on, and misuse of, forests. Other building materials used in the process are sourced locally, including the pipes used in the under-floor heating system, which are produced locally by a partner company. The use of insulation even reduces the use of heaters and air conditioners, in turn saving fuel and reducing pollution. Economic- Buildings made of cane reeds area helps the local economy by employing a community labor force to harvest the reeds which are woven into the timber frame, as well as gathering the clay, sand and mud used to fortify the reed. In some cases, residents have been able to obtain permanent employment as a result of the training received during the construction process. The cane reed technology increases affordability as it offers a 40 per cent reduction in housing cost compared with conventional brick housing. Plans are currently underway for the development of a Building and Training Centre where all construction materials to be used in Habitat homes will be produced, further decreasing the costs to participating families. Social- As these buildings are easy to make every body in the family and community takes part in making it, they found a improved way of living as they are no longer required to gather firewood, wash dishes and clothes outside by hand and cook in a confined space. They have time and energy to pursue work outside the home, therefore helping to increase household income. The reduction in the use of solid fuels has also resulted in decreased levels of indoor air pollution and has consequently improved health, with a particular fall in respiratory illnesses.   Thus, an insulated home is comfortable as the temperature remains consistent over weather changes. It makes the house comfortable and keeps the temperature of house cool in summers and warm in winters. Effective use of insulation is necessary for each and every people who face harsh summers or winters. It helps them to stay warm and cozy in their homes, while contributing less to global warming and pollution. With the increase in the uses of insulation, the use of heater and air conditioning units will reduce. The use of fuels and other non-renewable sources will also be automatically reduced as this is a natural technique of absorbing or emitting heat. If the use of air conditioning units and heaters keeps on increasing, then there will be drastic effect on the climatic changes. To keep our surrounding safe as well as save natural resources for the upcoming generations, insulating our homes instead of using air conditioners, heaters, and other technologies which cause harm to the en vironment, is essential . Though insulation is expensive, its worth as its durable and doesnt have a recurring cost unlike other means.

Clean Well Lighted Place

â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† is written by Ernest Hemingway. The subject of this story is life as nothingness. The story starts off with an old deaf man sitting alone in a caf ©. There are two waiters who watch and wait on the old man because he has a tendency to drink too much and if this happens they know he will walk out and not pay. The waiter talks about how the old man tried to kill himself because he was in despair; the other waiter asks why he felt despair and the first waiter said the reason was nothing because the old man has a lot of money.The old man is a very nteresting character; we know he once had a wife, but now is alone with his niece. This story portrays the cycle of life and how surroundings can affect our emotional state. In this story there aren't a lot of details that pop out at the readers. The readers have to read the story over and over again to finally understand it. As the text is read, the old man get s drunk at night at the caf © and likes drinking there because it's clean and well lighted.The younger waiter tells the old man that there are bars open this late, but the old man likes the caf © because bars are completely opposite of what he ikes. The caf © is well lighted, clean and quiet; bars are loud, dark and dirty which is something the old man doesn't want to be around. In the caf © there are two waiters that are working; one is older and the other is younger. When reading the story the readers can get an idea of the waiters' age Just by the dialect. The younger waiter wants the old man to go home so he can go home to his wife.The older waiter tries to explain to the younger waiter that that old man was once married once, maybe even had a family at one point of time in his life, but now all he has is his niece. His niece saved the old man's life when he tried to kill himself; she cut down the rope when he tried to hang himself. They don't know why he would kill hims elf, he had plenty of money. The waiters talked about how he tried to commit suicide and how he did it because he was in despair. The older waiter asked why and the younger waiter said â€Å"nothing†.They were waiting to close up the caf ©, but the old man was still there; yes he was deaf and drunk but he was very quiet and didn't make much noise. The old man asked for another drink and the young waiter gives him the drink and says the old man, mfou should have killed ourself last week. † (Hemmingway 143). The older waiter tries to explain to the younger waiter that old age is a terrible thing, that one day he will be there and he doesn't know how he will be or how he will act when he is an old man. The old man waved for another drink but the young waiter refused; the old man paid and left the caf ©.The younger waiter is impatient and insensitive as some would like to argue. He's excited to go home to his wife, and wants to leave because unlike the old man he isn't lonely. The text show that the younger waiter says immature comments about the old an because he wants to go home, but he doesn't think about the old man, he only thinks about himselt. The younger waiter doesn't think like the old man, old man thinks about many thinks very deeply, yet the younger waiter doesn't think about anyone, but what the younger waiter doesn't seem to realize is that he won't be young forever.In a way he is Just like the younger people in our society now: carefree, young and reckless. As readers can argue young individuals have their whole life ahead of them, so youngsters should be carefree in a way. The older aiter likes to stay late at the caf © Just like the old man and he tries to explain to the younger waiter that the old man likes to stay up because he likes it; the younger waiter Just ignores it and says that he is lonely.The older waiter knows how the old man is because they are both in a way reluctant to go home. The older waiter can relate to the old man because of their age similarity, besides, he walks out without paying. The reason he sides with the old man is because maybe one day he will need someone to keep a caf © open late Just for him. The old man likes staying out late ecause he has nothing to go home to, he says he has insomnia and that many people have that.As readers can argue the older waiter probably tells himself that so he really doesn't seem alone because older people who have nothing to go home to try to occupy their mind so they don't wither away in their own depression. Some would also argue Hemingway contrasts light and shadow, maybe the contrast between young and old; impatient and relaxed; family guy and no family guy. Since the old man is deaf, some readers could say it's a way to distance himself from everyone, like a symbol of separation form the world because he is older.

Car Wash Business Plan - 9082 Words

The Dirt Buster was designed by entrepreneurs wishing to provide a high quality car wash service in a virtually untapped market. Because new construction is necessary, a large amount of initial capital is required for this venture . * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * MARKET/MARKETING * BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE * MARKET ANALYSIS * POSITION * FINANCIAL DATA * ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT * MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES * OWNERSHIP * CRITICAL RISKS AND PROBLEMS: DESCRIPTION * SUMMARY OF UNIQUE FEATURES AND BENEFITS * OVERALL STRATEGIC DIRECTION * AVAILABLE MATERIALS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Description of Business Nature of Service The Dirt Buster is to be a full-service car wash facility comprised†¦show more content†¦We then expect our growth to mirror the community s projected market growth, which is approximately 3.5 percent to 5 percent per year. Because there are no other car wash operations within a four mile radius of our site location, we feel confident our predicted growth will, ataminimum, follow industry trends. Therefore, we expect to have a 100 percent market share of our target market for at least the short term. Strategic Direction Stage of Business A start-up business designed to fill a service void which was created ten years ago after the last full-service tunnel wash facility in this market area terminated its operations. Again, the last full-service tunnel terminated its operations for reasons external to the business itself. Long Range Direction We are dedicated to establishing and maintaining the finest car wash operation in the area, specifically known for the quality of service provided and the management s commitment to the betterment of the community. MARKET/MARKETING Market Segment Sought We are extremely fortunate our service is not limited to a specific segment or group of the market. In fact, The Dirt Buster s sole limiting factor is the small segment of its specific market which is without an automobile. In our market area alone, there are approximately 400,000 automobiles, or .8 automobiles per person. 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I thought this would be a great opportunity for me to take what I learned throughout the college of business and apply as a manager. Stepping into the managerial role I now get to wear a burgundy shirt rather than blue, get to set my own hours and get set of keys to the wash. However, steppingRead MoreTwin Cities Car Wash Marketing Plan1941 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary Twin Cities Car Wash will be the go to car wash for the Apple Valley, MN area. The car wash options in the area leave much to be desired and Twin Cities Car Wash will be looking to fill that void. No longer will customers have to wait in line at single, automatic washes for a less than stellar wash. Twin Cities Car Wash will offer multiple wash bays that will use top of the line soaps and materials that will leave vehicles spotless. 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Importance Of The Fourth Amendment - 1018 Words

The fourth amendment was created to protect the individual rights form governmental intrusion. The fourth amendment protects the right of the people to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures. This shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue unless it is upon probable cause. It was established on December 15, 1791 during the colonial era. When the 4th Amendment became part of the Constitution, it was originally only applied to the federal government. Then it was applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. The fourth amendment is so important to American, because it is the natural right of the people and the protection from intrusion. Now in society many people do not understand that the†¦show more content†¦To understand this situation I decided to look up cases that reflect on their fourth amendment being violated. The case that stood out to me the most was Mapp vs. Ohio. In 1957, police officers received an anonymous tip t hat Mapp was hiding a wanted man because he needed to be questioned for a bombing. Then Police officers went to Mapp’s house and wanted to search her house. She then denied them entry, because she needed to see a warrant to let them in. After some hours went by, the police officers forcibly entered her home and recalled that they received a warrant. Then they proceeded with the search and found some books, pictures, and photographs in violation of 2905.34 of Ohios Revised Code. Then during her court trial she appealed her sentence, because they did not receive a valid search warrant and the police officers violated her rights. Even though they found her having possessions that were illegal, they could not hold it against her. The issues with search and seizure are usually towards the issue of violating our rights. One of the rights that we are getting violated is the right if privacy. 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United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928), various individuals were convicted of alcohol related law violations, and were accused of conspiracyRead MoreThe Transportation security Administration (TSA) is Violating the Fourth Amendment536 Words   |  3 Pages The Fourth Amendment is rather specific in its wording:    â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (www.law.cornell.edu).    The importance of this amendment is for all citizens to be able to protect theirRead MoreFederalism Is The Division Of Powers Between A Central Government And Regional Governments1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States have a federal system of government where the states and national government practice the seperation of powers system within their own scopes of authority. 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